VSEP

vsep
While membrane-based separations of liquids from solids have enjoyed increasing popularity over the last 20 years, the technology has an inherent Achilles heel that affects all membrane devices: fouling. This long-term loss in throughput capacity is due primarily to the formation of a boundary layer that builds up naturally on the membranes surface during the filtration process. In addition to cutting down on the flux performance of the membrane, this boundary or gel layer acts as a secondary membrane reducing the native design selectivity of the membrane in use. This inability to handle the buildup of solids has also limited the use of membranes to low-solids feed streams.




(Figure1)

To help minimize this boundary layer buildup, membrane designers have used a method known as tangential-flow or cross-flow filtration that relies on high velocity fluid flow pumped across the membranes surface as a means of reducing the boundary layer effect. (See Figure 1)

In cross-flow designs, it is not economic to create high shear forces, thus limiting the use of cross-flow to low-viscosity (watery) fluids. In addition, increased cross-flow velocities result in a significant pressure drop from the inlet (high pressure) to the outlet (lower pressure) end of the device, which leads to premature fouling of the membrane that creeps up the device until permeate rates drop to unacceptably low levels.



(Figure 2)

Instead of producing high cross flow, an alternative method for producing intense shear waves on the face of a membrane is developed. The technique is called Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing (VSEP). In a VSEP System, the feed slurry remains nearly stationary, moving in a leisurely, meandering flow between parallel membrane leaf elements. Shear cleaning action is created by vigorously vibrating the leaf elements in a direction tangent to the faces of the membranes.

The shear waves produced by the membrane's vibration cause solids and foulants to be lifted off the membrane surface and remixed with the bulk material flowing through the membrane stack. This high shear processing exposes the membrane pores for maximum throughput that is typically between 3 and 10 times the throughput of conventional cross-flow systems. (See Figure 2, above)

The oscillation produces a shear at the membrane surface of about 150,000 inverse seconds (equivalent to over 200 G's of force), which is approximately 10 times the shear rate of the best conventional cross-flow systems. More importantly, the shear in a VSEP System is focused at the membrane surface where it is cost effective and most useful in preventing fouling, while the bulk fluid between the membrane disks moves very little.



Because VSEP does not depend on feed flow induced shearing forces, the feed slurry can become extremely viscous and still be successfully dewatered. The concentrate is essentially extruded between the vibrating disc elements and exits the machine once it reaches the desired concentration level. Thus, VSEP Systems can be run in a single pass through the system, eliminating the need for costly working tanks, ancillary equipment and associated valving.

The disc pack hold up volume of a system with 1,400 ft2 (130 sq. meters) of membrane area, is less than 50 gallons (189 liters). As a result, product recovery in batch processes can be extremely high.


Emulsified oil are serving as lubricant as well as coolant in various metal industries such as steel making and metal cutting. Disposal of emulsified fluid is a very tough environmental pollution issue. It has high COD and oil/water fully emulsified. Conventional bio-chemical treatment consumes large amount of chemicals and high running cost yet still requires multiple post-treatment steps. The disposal of solid cake will ultimately contaminate underground water. Conventional membrane treatment faces low flux and severe fouling issues. VSEP can simplify treatment process. It has high anti-fouling ability and high recovery ratio. Concentrate can be put as fuel and permeate can achieve discharge standard.

At startup, the VSEP system is fed with a slurry and the concentrate valve is closed. Permeate is produced and suspended solids in the feed are collected inside the VSEP filter pack. After a programmed time interval, valve on concentrate line is opened to release the accumulated concentrated solids. The valve is then closed to allow the concentration of additional feed material. This cycle repeats indefinitely.

FOREX EDUCATION

Do you have what it takes to become a successful Forex Trader?Forex
trading, or any trading for that matter, is an occupation that requires
experience and the accumulation of proficiency not unlike any other highly
skilled profession. Whether you are a leading executive at a major publically
traded company, a professional golfer or trading from your kitchen table, there
are 5 key ingredients that one must possess in order to become successful.1. You
must be Passionate about what you do.As Forex traders we all face one unique set
of circumstances that does not exist in any other profession. We get rewarded
for when we succeed and equally punished when we don’t! Could you image a
corporate worker one quarter receiving a significant accomplishment bonus and
the next quarter actually getting money taken from their paycheck for missing
performance targets? Not on your life!We do as Forex traders and that is why
passion for what you do will carry you through the tough times that are part of
your trading business. Asked yourself why you trade currencies and would you
still do it if Forex were not potentially lucrative? Your answers will be quite
revealing. You’ve got to feel your passion for trading!2. You have to Apply
Yourself and work hard at it.I talk to so many people that enter into Forex
trading with the aspiration of getting rich quick. Without putting the time and
energy into really getting good at trading I see them jump from strategy to
strategy looking for the goose that will lay the golden egg and eventually
quitting while blaming everything else, except the true cause.I got news for you
– you are the goose and your Forex education is the golden egg. The magic has
always resided with the magician and not some strategy. Work hard at trading and
the rewards will eventually come your way. Remember what Tiger Woods said,
“Funny, the harder I work the luckier I get.” Apply yourself as a trader and it
will be no accident when your account begins to blossom.3. You must Focus to
really get good at what you do.Now here is the hurdle most Forex traders
struggle to get over. You have the passion and you are applying yourself to your
trade, now focus and really get good at just at what you are doing. Be the
expert to the experts at just that one thing. Become the master of a strategy or
risk management methodologies. Really focus on getting good at it.Stop jumping
around or getting pulled from the last “latest and greatest” into the next
“latest and greatest” and focus on one aspect of Forex trading and know it
inside out. Know it strengths and weakness. Set your sights on becoming expert
on just one aspect of trading and watch it spill over in all other aspects for
your currency trading. This is the time to fail forward fast, use every setback
as a learning opportunity that will propel you 3-steps ahead!4. You must Push
Yourself beyond the point everyone else might have quite.In Forex Trading this
is simple. Assume there is someone on the other side of your trade that is
pushing themselves and sharpening their edge. To be successful you must you must
do the same thing. Now is the time to examine your mental edge. Do you know the
single most critical factor in any currency trade? It is you, the trader!
Sharpening you mental edge is the most difficult aspect of trading, but also the
most rewarding.Start with your Forex education and gain the self-awareness
necessary to maximize your strengths and suppress your weaknesses. Any expert
will tell you that trading is 80% mental. It’s time to sharpen your trading to
the razor’s edge and you do this through Forex education. A constant and never
ending process that will become the cornerstone of your Forex experience.5. You
must, without wavering, be Determined and Persist to your objective.You will
fail. I can state that emphatically. However, you will not be defeated unless
you allow your failures to control your trading. It is the old adage; failure is
not falling of your horse, failure is refusing to get back on. Your success
depends on your ability to dismiss the criticism, rejection, self-doubt and
pressures associated with Forex trading.Defining what is a winning trade, losing
trade and bad trade will go a long way into developing you as a successful
trader. Without the determination and persistence in all aspects of your trading
life, obstacle will definitely appear closer and larger than they actually
are.Take a moment and assess yourself and your trading. Do you have the key
elements to succeed? Which areas are presents development opportunities? When
conducting a self-evaluation it is critical to be totally upfront and honest
with yourself. After all, you will only be dishonest with yourself. One of the
most interesting observations you can make is that all key success factors are
interwoven. One factor supports the other. This is why your Forex education is a
continuous journey of forex strategy, money management and self-mastery. Set
these factors as your Forex education goals and take your currency trading to
new heights.Happy Trading!!